TPF Getinsa Euroestudios / Spain
TPF GETINSA EUROESTUDIOS is one of the leading engineering companies in Spain, truly committed to innovation and excellence in all aspects of infrastructure development. We are leaders in the key areas of transport, environment, water, building and urban development.
Our experts deliver comprehensive services across the full life cycle of infrastructure projects – from feasibility studies to integrated project management, including all intermediary steps, such as demand studies, transport planning, detailed design, construction supervision and value engineering.
TPF GETINSA EUROESTUDIOS is a global company based in Madrid, with permanent offices in Argentina, Algeria, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India, Peru, Poland, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and U.S. We continue to expand our world-class expertise, working on a range of major projects for governments, private companies and international funding agencies such as the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the the Central American Bank for Economic Integration. TPF GETINSA EUROESTUDIOS has experience in more than 60 countries.
Our team is made up of highly-experienced multidisciplinary staff. We have approximately 1200 employees, comprising engineers, architects, planners, surveyors, project and construction management experts and environmental specialists.
Our core values of excellence, efficiency and continuous innovation ensure we deliver the best solutions that meet our clients’ needs.
TPF Getinsa Euroestudios
Ramón de Aguinaga, 8
28028 Madrid
Spain
Tel +34 914 18 21 10
Fax +34 914 18 21 12
info@tpfingenieria.com
Discover our projects
- Culture
- Education
- Health
- Hotels & Tourism Infrastructures
- Offices
- Urban Development
- Airports
- Bridges and Tunnels
- Ports and Maritime Engineering
- Railways
- Roads and Highways
- Urban Transport - Metro, Bus & Tramway
- Dams and Flood Prevention
- Environment
- Irrigation
- Water Treatment, Supply and Sanitation
- Concession activity
- Quality control of materials and construction works
Technical assistance for the preparation of the funding application and of the tender documentations for the regional project for the development of water and waste water infrastructure from Bistrita-Nasaud County
The Consortium led by TPF CPROJECT whose name changed to TPF INGINERIE... >
Technical assistance for the preparation of the funding application and of the tender documentations for the regional project for the development of water and waste water infrastructure from Arges County
The Consortium led by TPF CPROJECT - whose name changed to TPF... >
A-31 Toll Road - PPP Contract / Section Length: 94.2 km
The services provided involved: detailed design of the construction works, acquisition of... >
Supervision services for the Operation and Maintenance of San José-Caldera Road
The Costa Rican National Concessions Board requires the presence of a Supervising... >
Detailed Design and Supervision of the BRT System in Danang
The BRT system and the 2 new bus lines include the following... >
Widening of the Road Section Vic - Caldes de Malavella
The upgraded and widened road section has a length of 55.4 km... >
La Provincia - Monkey Point Road
The main purpose of this project is to provide an access to... >
Health & Safety Technical Consultancy of the Spanish conventional railway network
The works consist on consultancy services for the assurance of the health... >
Safety audits and preliminary design for the upgrade and improvement of the safety facilities in Kherrata Tunnels (6.26 km)
Kherrata Tunnels consist of three consecutive tunnels with a total length of... >
Detailed design of the upgrading works of Villa Rica – Puerto Bermúdez Road (110.88 km)
The aim of this project is to determine the road axis and... >
Pre-investment study for the design of the upgrading works of roads EMP. PE-1S and EMP. PE – 32C according to service levels
The main objective of the project is to conduct a pre-investment study... >
Campo de Dalías Desalination Plant
The services provided involved construction supervision of: Seawater conveyance pipe and brine... >
Upgrading and maintenance project for the primary road network in Nariño
The project is divided into three different phases: Review of the study... >
Control and supervision of winter maintenance operations in Warsaw’s roads
The contract includes the management of the Road Information Desk out of... >
Health Campus of the University of Granada
The Health Campus occupies a plot of 625,000 m2 and comprises three... >
Tender project for Chian Mai Tramway
The tramway runs on pneumatic tires, which leads to higher traction, and... >
Supervision services for the construction of infrastructures for the development of Phu Ly City
The services provided involved: supervision of the construction works and management of... >
Heightening of the Yesa Dam
The project essentially consists of the heightening of the existing gravity dam... >
Feasibility study for the tunnels under Suez Canal
Port Said Tunnel Project is part of the Sinai Peninsula government’s attempt... >
Supervision of the upgrading works of E 20/ CE 20 railway line
The contract includes the design and construction of the E 20 railway... >
Comprehensive Traffic and Transport Plan in Taif
Taif city is a junction of several regions in the kingdom of... >
Construction Supervision of Gran Canaria Arena
Gran Canaria Arena was one of the venues of the Basketball World... >
City of Culture of Galicia
The Library, the Museum of History, the Centre of New Technologies, the... >
Bursa Light Rail
The services included in the contract were: Development of an Action Plan... >
Detailed design and technical, environmental and social supervision of Río Seco – Desaguadero road section
The services provided can be divided into 3 stages: Stage I: Review,... >
Chimore International Airport
The contract for the supervision of the detailed design and construction works... >
Hanoi Urban Transport Development Project
The main purpose of this project is to increase urban mobility in... >
Costa del Sol Railway Corridor: S. Pedro Alcántara-Estepona
The aim of the project was to conduct the detailed design of... >
Independent engineering services for the supervision of Kiratpur-Ner Chowk Highway (123 km) - Tunnel
The Indian economy is among the fastest growing economies of the world.... >
Haiphong Urban Transport Development Project
Haiphong infrastructures and basic services are poorly developed, especially in the case... >
Preliminary study and technical, economic, social and environmental studies for the construction of Chulumani – Irupana - Sacambaya Road
The contract included: coordination of the different elements of the project; financial... >
Environmental technical study for the construction of a new road
Design of the upgrading works for a road section between Chulumani and... >
Supervision of the construction, operation and maintenance of the 4-km toll road Daang Hari - South Luzon Expressway (SLEX)
The Daang Hari-SLEX Link Road Project is a 4-lane expressway that starts... >
Detailed design of Highway A-26. Section: Cabanelles - Figueres. Province of Girona
The detailed design of 9.7 km of highway included: cartography and land... >
Gijón-West Wastewater Treatment Plant
The project involves the construction of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for... >
Adapazari – Karasu Port rail connection and Industrial Plants
Supervision of the works, installation, commissioning and operating of the construction, signaling... >
Barcelona International Airport
Barcelona Master Plan aims to expand Barcelona-El PratAirport by providing Infrastructures, Technological... >
New Terminal and Control Tower at La Palma Airport
The new Terminal has 6 floors above ground and 4 underground floors... >
Line 2 of Seville Metro - Section: Torretriana-Torreblanca
The purpose of the project was to conduct the detailed design of... >
Concessionaire of SCUT dos Açores, S.A. on Sao Miguel Island
It is a two-lane dual carriageway motorway, 89.7 km in length. It... >
Olost Bypass
The road referred to in this contract starts at the end of... >
Upgrading of the Vigo Airport airfield
The main objective of this project is to upgrade the airfield of... >
Polyclinic Building of 12 de Octubre Hospital
This hospital is a model of excellence, with state-of-the-art equipment and 7,000... >
Supervision of the railway line between Relizane, south of Tiaret and Tissemsilt
Construction of a single-track line connecting with the southern section of the... >
Feasibility study for the North Interoceanic Rail: Yurimaguas-Iquitos
The detailed engineering studies allowed determining the type of stations to be... >
Technical, Economic, Social and Environmental Studies for the upgrading of the Cochabamba – Arani railway line
The project involved the preliminary environmental study and the Technical, Economic, Social... >
Upgrading of Asturias Airport apron
The works involved the demolition and reconstruction of positions No. 3, 4... >
Supervision of the feasibility study of Agua Negra Tunnel, a twin-tube tunnel between Argentina and Chile, 14 km long.
It is a twin-tube road tunnel (with two one-way lanes per tube).... >
High Speed Rail Line Madrid - Lisbon / Porto
The contracted services included the feasibility study(phase 1)and the preliminary design(phase 2)... >
Pilot project for the application of ETCS/ERTMS Level 2
The pilot project includes the installation of ERTMS Level 2 on a... >
Upgrading of the Valencia Airport airfield - Phase II
The aim of the project is to upgrade the airfield and the... >
Main sewer pipeline at River Sarela
The main purpose of this project is to improve the sanitation system... >
Mediterranean high speed corridor project
The section referred to in this project has a length of 8.96... >
Drinking water connection from the Magtaa WWTP to water supply points
The aim of the project is to connect the existing supply network... >
Projects in Mirfa, Delma, Delma Islands, Western Region
The Western Region (Al Gharbia region) occupies around 60,000 km2 (83% of... >
Projects in Madinat Zayed and Liwa, Western Region of Abu Dhabi
The Western Region (Al Gharbia region) occupies around 60,000 km2 (83% of... >
Pipeline from the Carboneras plant to Almanzora Valley
The increase in desalinated water production at the Carboneras Desalination Plant, which... >
Supervision of the upgrading works for the railway line Bucay - Sibambe
The main purpose of this project is to upgrade 44 km of... >
Control and supervision of the construction works of Antequera - Granada high speed railway line
Antequera – Peña de los Enamorados section, 8.45 km long, runs across... >
Convention centre, car park and external improvements - Oran
The total built-up area of the project is 98.610m2 and the external... >
Marina Far construction works at Vilanova i la Geltrú Port
The New Marina Project at Vilanova i la Geltrú Port (Barcelona) comprises... >
Environmental management of the works for the Madrid - Extremadura high speed railway line
Environmental control and supervision of the works for the Madrid - Extremadura... >
Study of solid urban waste management methods - Vilcanota Valley
The conduction of a study on the management of solid waste at... >
Control and supervision of the construction works of Madrid - Valencia high speed railway line
This 9.6-km section of the railway line runs entirely across the province... >
Coordination and monitoring of Works: High Speed Railways
Consulting and assistance with the monitoring of the construction of the track... >
Ruta del Sol Motorway Concession Project
The scope of the project included: The rehabilitation of the Villeta -... >
National Mapping System of Flood Hazard Areas in the Ebro Basin
Preliminary analysis: identification of the stretches which are more susceptible to flooding... >
High Speed Rail Line Arcas del Villar- Fuentes
Main features of the Arcas del Villar - Fuentes section of HRL... >
Ventilation of the Airport Services Tunnel (TSA) in Madrid-Barajas Airport to comply with current regulations
The works for the upgrading of the ventilation system in the Airport... >
Feasibility study for Santa Ana International Airport
Santa Ana Airport is located in Cagayan province (north Luzon). It is... >
Peña de los Enamorados-Archidona Viaduct
The viaduct consists of a composite structure with a length of 3,150... >
Expansion of Valencia Airport - Phase II
The second phase of the expansion of Valencia Airport includes the following... >
Integration terminals within the Metropolitan Integrated Transport System
The main goals of this project are, on the one hand, to... >
Renovation and extension of Miguel Servet Hospital
The Project involved the renovation and extension of the Trauma, Rehabilitation and... >
Tram-Train Line Chiclana de la Frontera – San Fernando
The main activities of the contract include: Quality control of materials and... >
Expansion of Gran Canaria Airport terminal
The project involves the expansion of the terminal building in order to... >
Flood Risk Management Plan
The main purpose of the Flood Risk Management Plan is to collect... >
Supervision of the construction works for Noi Bai – Lao Cai Highway (244 km)
The main services provided were to: Supervise civil works for the highway... >
Vehicle underpass at the new Málaga Airport flying site
The works referred to in this contract involved the construction of a... >
Construction of Búrdalo Dam
Technical assistance services to the project management of the dam. The project... >
Cantabrian – Mediterranean High Speed Corridor Projects
Total length: 71 km, with 1,876 m of viaduct and 6,099 m... >
Feasibility study and preliminary design of Boumedfaa - Djelfa railway line. 266 km
Feasibility study and preliminary and detailed design for the construction of an... >
Upgrade to San Rafael-Villacastín stretch in Highway AP-6
The works comprised the widening of a 20.5 km stretch of Highway... >
Control and supervision, El Ghourzi - Touggourt railway line, 210km
Upgrading of the ballast, track (U33 Rail on UIC 54) and sleepers... >
Integrated Public Transport System in Lima
The main objective of this contract is to update current demand models... >
Preliminary and detailed design of the railway line connecting Oroteanda Tunnel and Guaza Mountain
The main purpose of this project is the construction of a railway... >
Supervision of the construction works for the new railway access to Levante, Section: Crevillente - San Isidro
The total length of this high speed railway line is 7,279.487 m.... >
New headquarters of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation
The project for the new headquarters of the Ministry of Science, Technology... >
Sanitation network at Souq El Gomma, Tripoli
The project involved the design of new wastewater and rainwater treatment networks... >
Flood risk study for the rivers at the Miño-Sil Basin
The works included in the Flood Risk Study And Demarcation Of Public... >
Detailed design of acoustic protections and study of vibrations for Sants – La Roca railway line section
Design of measures against noise pollution (noise barriers) and vibrations (elastic bands... >
Extension of the Barcelona Metropolitan Railway Line 5. Section: Horta-Valle de Hebrón
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OF THE STATIONS: Architectural design and electrical... >
Water treatment and sanitation works
The works were divided into three phases: Phase 1: Review of the... >
Preliminary design and feasibility study for the 4th Centenary Highway. Phase 2. Section: 1
The preliminary design included: a 35-km double-track highway, in mountainous area, with... >
Geological and geotechnical surveys for the Mediterranean high speed railway corridor
Design of 26 km of Spanish high speed railway line, with an... >
Detailed design of Seville - Huelva high speed railway line
Construction of a double-track line, with standard gauge, 14 m wide, with... >
Detailed design of Burgos-Vitoria high speed railway line
The services provided included: preliminary and detailed design; cartography, geological and geotechnical... >
Power station and lighting system at the runway of Federico García Lorca Airport
The project comprises the construction of a new power station and the... >
Drinking water supply program in Almeria
8 construction projects that involve: ductile cast iron branch pipelines in Almanzora... >
Irrigation system at South Segrià
Spray irrigation system for an area of 1,350 ha, with a capacity... >
Control and supervision of the construction works of Highway VA-30
The services provided involved: supervision of the construction works of the highway... >
Vitoria-Gasteiz/Eibar Motorway. Section: Arlabán-Eskoriatza
This motorway is part of the Basque Motorway Network, which links Vitoria... >
Highway A-32 Linares-Albacete. Section: Reolid-Robledo
The alignment of the road had to be adjusted to avoid protected... >
Highway A-11 (Duero Highway)
The services provided included: the design of the road alignment and connections;... >
Schools and administrative buildings in Istanbul
The project includes 47 schools and 2 residence halls. The total area... >
Assistance services for the control and supervision of the House of Congress construction in Oran
Construction of the new Sonatrach House of Congress in Oran. The works... >
Bus only lane in Highway C-58
The project consisted in the construction of a 6.85 km lane for... >
Los Alcores Tunnel
Los Alcores Tunnel belongs to the Transversal Rail Axis in Andalusia. It... >
Extension and Renovation of Montecelo Hospital in Pontevedra
The services provided by Pontevedra’s Provincial Hospital will be transferred to Montecelo... >
Ibiur Dam: Water Supply and Flow Regulation of Oria River
Main technical characteristics of the dam: Concrete gravity dam Volume of concrete:... >
Program for the restructuring and regulation of Iasi public transport
The city of Iasi, with 340,000 inhabitants, intends to upgrade and improve... >
Andévalo Reservoir
Supervision of the detailed design; control and monitoring of the construction works... >
Highway EX-A1, from Navalmoral de la Mata to the Portuguese Border
The main purpose of this project was the construction of an 11.1... >
Elimination of chemical pollution in Flix Reservoir
The Flix Factory carries out its activity on the right side of... >
Control and supervision of the construction works of Olmedo – Zamora railway line
Subsection: Villafranca de Duero - Coreses. Platform Works consisted in the construction... >
Highway A-59: Section: Vilaboa-O Viso. Pontevedra
Detailed design of a highway stretch in Galicia, in a particularly difficult... >
Extension II, Juan Carlos I Exhibition Ground in Madrid
The main objective of the design and construction supervision project was to... >
Wastewater treatment plant in South Albufera
Technical assistance to the project management including consulting services and supervision of... >
Detailed design of Highway CV-50 - Concession contract (21.6 km)
During the design phase, the services provided to the concessionary company involved:... >
Extension of the railway line to Sabadell
The project includes the construction of a 4.2 km section of the... >
Extension of the parking lot and roads in Coruña Airport
The main goal of the project was the construction of the P1... >
Control and supervision services for Oued - Tlelat/Tlemcen railway line. 132 km
Supervision of superstructures, structures, tunnels, station buildings, signaling and telecommunications system and... >
Spanish Road Network in the Valencia Demarcation of State Roads
The purpose of this contract was the occupational health and safety coordination... >
Environmental management of the High Speed Atlantic Corridor - Stage II
Services provided included: Preparation of the Environmental Supervision Program. Monitoring compliance with... >
Control of the platform works for the new Aranjuez – Ontígola railway access
The route, which is 4.70 m long, runs between the provinces of... >
San Pedro de Alcántara-Estepona railway line, 13.4 km
The tunnels referred to in this project are included in the railway... >
Auditor’s review on the road safety conditions of Highway A-56
Analysis of the applicability and suitability of different construction projects and introduction... >
Monitoring of mechanical elements and electrical installations for the operating of dams
Development and implementation of specific software for the management of dams and... >
Bergara - Bergara Section of the Basque HS Rail Line
The Basque Y is a most challenging project. This high-speed interlink between... >
Vitoria-Bilbao-San Sebastian high speed railway line. Section: Durango- Amorebieta/Etxano
The project involved the construction of 4,600 m of railway in the... >
Levante A-3 Highway, from km 70.700 to km 177.530 and Highway A-31 from km 0.000 to km 29.800. Section: Madrid - Albacete
The project includes 137 km of roads in highways A-3 and A-31,... >
Elimination of several level crossings in Canovelles, Franqueses del Vallés (two works) and Sant Celoni (Barcelona)
Works No. 1 (Canovelles): Construction of a pedestrian underpass to replace the... >
Detailed design of the upgrading works for the railway infrastructure : Mezdra – Gorna Oryahovitsa railway line
The project is divided into three stages: Feasibility study Detailed preliminary design... >
Extension of the railway line to Terrassa
The extension of the Catalan Government Railway Line to Terrassa will improve... >
Extension of the Málaga Airport airfield
The project for the extension of Málaga Airport airfield covers: the construction... >
Cantábrico A-8 Highway. Section: Solares - La Encina
The works referred to in this project supposed the completion of Highway... >
Operating of dams and reservoirs of the Regional Office for Development
Technical assistance services covered all required actions regarding maintenance, supervision, monitoring and... >
Supervision services for the construction works of 9 km of Highway A-58
This road section belongs to the highway connecting Cáceres to the A-5... >
Supervision services for the new Malaga West Ring Road
Highway A-357, which connects Malaga Technology Park to Cártama, is the main... >
Wastewater Treatment Plan for Area 07
Construction of all necessary works required for the wastewater treatment in the... >
Torrevieja Desalination Plant
Torrevieja desalination plant will supply water for irrigation to Campo de Cartagena... >
Supervision of the construction works of the North-Northwest high speed corridor. Sections: Segovia -Valdestillas and Olmedo - Zamora
Technical assistance to the project management for the control and supervision of... >
High-Speed Railway Line: Sotiello - Campomanes; Campomanes – Pola de Lena
Sotiello - Campomanes and Campomanes - Pola de Lena sections of the... >
Connection between the Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Abrera and Cardedeu
The works involved the construction of an 11 km-long tunnel, with a... >
Supervision services for the construction works of 14 km of Highway A-50
This highway section (14 km long) connects in the south with the... >
Highway A-63 (Oviedo - La Espina). Section: Grado (O)-Doriga
The main trunk of the highway has a length of 4,218 m... >
Detailed design of 15.1 km of Highway A-32
Detailed design of a 15.1-km section of Highway A-32. The section includes... >
North-Northwest high speed corridor: Lubián – Ourense
The contract includes coordination and assistance services to the managing authority during... >
Mataró Hospital
Expanded area: 3,000 m². Refurbished area: 600 m². Floors: 3+1 Budget of... >
Highway A-73. Burgos-Aguilar de Campoo. Section: Montorio-Santa Cruz del Tozo
Detailed design of a highway section between Montorio and Santa Cruz del... >
Headquarters of ECA GLOBAL Offices
ECA Global corporate headquarters 4 basement floors with an area of 4,400... >
Detailed design of Nudo de la Encima - Xátiva railway line
The actions included in the preliminary and detailed design were as follows:... >
Detailed design of the Levante high speed line
Detailed design of the platform and 41.2 km of railway line, including... >
Detailed design of the safety equipment of Folgoso Tunnels
The contract comprises all necessary actions, including civil works and buildings, in... >
Railway Lines 1 and 2: Dammam – Hofuf – Riyadh / Dammam – Hofuf – Al Kharj – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 430 km
Technical assistance services to the Saudi Government in order to upgrade railway... >
Public transport platforms (bus corridor) and service roads in Madrid - Seseña Highway
The A-4 section referred to in this project comprises separate carriageways with... >
Feasibility study for Highway A-60
Feasibility study and environmental impact assessment for the section Villanublas - Santas... >
A-1 Northern Highway between Madrid and Irún. Section: Molar Bypass
Molar Bypass is a 67 km section of Highway A-1. It includes... >
Castilla La Mancha A-40 Highway. Connection of Highway A-5 to Highway A-3 and Cuenca. Section: Torrijos (East) – Toledo (Northwest)
The works comprised a stretch of Castilla La Mancha A-40 Highway, in... >
Supervision services for the construction works of 10 km of Highway A-66 (La Plata Highway)
This 9.94-km highway section runs through the towns of Valdunciel, Calzada de... >
Environmental management of the High Speed Atlantic Corridor. Stage I
Services provided included: Preparation of the Environmental Supervision Program. Monitoring compliance with... >
Highway A-63. Road CN-634 from San Sebastián to Santiago de Compostela. Section: Salas-La Espina
Technical assistance services for the supervision of the construction works of a... >
Vall d'Hebron Hospital in Barcelona
Refurbishment of the third floor of the General Services Building, including structural... >
Detailed design of the extension of Baix Llobregat Highway
The main purpose of this project was to connect Road C-32 (former... >
Implementation of the Automatic Hydrological Information System
Implementation of sensor devices or checkpoints, such as control stations, flow rate... >
Asturias Central University Hospital
GISPASA (the Healthcare Infrastructure Management Authority in Asturias) has as its main... >
Supervision of construction works and maintenance of Málaga – Córdoba railway line facilities
The project involves the installation and commissioning of all systems required for... >
Butarque storm-water tank (Madrid)
Construction of a storm-water tank, divided into four tanks with a total... >
High speed railway tunnels - Section: Figueres and Perpiñan (44.4 km)
The high speed line between Figueres and Perpiñan has a total length... >
Detailed design of Sotiello – Campomanes railway line -Tunnel
Construction of a 4.3 km railway section of the León – Asturias... >
Detailed design of Madrid – Galicia high speed railway line
Detailed design of the railway infrastructure of 18.5 km of high speed... >
Arterial Railway Network of Valencia - Southern Junction
ADIF (the Spanish Railway Authority) awarded to the joint venture formed by... >
Comprehensive Plan for Barcelona Urban Development
The first Comprehensive Plan for Urban Development (2004-2007) initiated a culture of... >
Control and supervision of Lilla, Camp Magre and Puig Cabrer tunnels
The works involved the reinforcement of the lining and invert of the... >
Detailed design of Cartagena-Vera toll road - Tunnels
The road total length is 113.70 km, from the access to Highway... >
Supervision of the construction works of Orense - Lalín high speed railway line
Construction of a 42 km railway line that consists in a double-track... >
Detailed design of Cartagena-Vera Highway
Construction of a 98.9-km toll road, of a rural nature, from North... >
Preliminary study of Málaga – Algeciras railway line. Section: Estepona – Algeciras
Preliminary study for the development of a railway line in the region... >
Control and supervision of the construction works for the new tunnel of railway access to the North-Northwest of Spain
Construction of two twin-tunnels: 28.4 km long, with an 8.50-m I.D., a... >
Terminal building of Barcelona Airport
Construction of a new terminal building between the runways for a total... >
Barcelona Metro Line 9
Barcelona Metro Line 9 runs almost entirely in a tunnel, with a... >
Quality control services for the new dyke at Barcelona Port
The works for the construction of the eastern and southern dykes of... >